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Rackett: A
16/17th century
woodwind instrument. The rackett had a double reed and a
cylindrical shape. The interesting pattern of bored parallel circular channels
with their oblique placement of finger holes made playing this
instrument a bit
difficult. It required the use of both fingertips and middle joints of the
finger to cover the holes. It was constructed of wood or ivory and is now
obsolete.
Rabab: also spelled ribab, rbab, rebab. The rabab has many forms depending on the
country it is played in but it represents stringed
instruments of the Islamic
countries. Generally they are played with a
bow while held upright. The shape of
the soundboard changes by geography.
Rallentando, rall: (Ita) Gradually
slower. Synonymous with
ritardando.
Range: The gamut of
pitches, from low to high, which a singer may perform.
Rapide: (Ita) Rapidly.
Re: In
solmization, the
second
degree
of the major scale.
Rebec:
Derived from Rabab of Ancient
Islamic Asian countries. It was a pear shaped, three-string instruments
with a short narrow neck and an open peg box.
Recital: A performance by one or more
performers.
Recitative: A
musical
work usually found in an opera or
oratorio,
which mimics the patterns of speech, in order to advance the story.
Recorder: an important
instrument of the
Renaissance and
Baroque era. It was very
popular prior to the transverse flute. Recorders can play a range from
bass to
treble,
solo or
ensemble. Other types are
treble recorder and
descant recorder. The recorder, being a simple
whistle type
flute, experienced a
revival after 1919 due to the efforts of
Arnold Dolmetsch.
Red Notes: In
medieval
music,
notes that were coloured red on the page in order to distinguish
differences in
rhythm or
octave
transposition
for specific
notes. They were also
used to show differences in a cantus firmus from
the original.
Reed Organ: A reed
organ
differs due to the sound being made by blown reeds rather than
flue pipes. Refer to Harmonium.
Reed Pipe: A type of pipe on an
organ. Generally, the
organ pipes fall into two
categories, flue pipes or reed pipes. Reed pipes create their sound similar to
the way the Clarinet
works. A thin metal tongue simulates a metal reed vibrating
against metal or wood shallot. Air is forced around the housing. Resonation of
the sound depends on the lumen size and shape where the air is allowed to
escape.
Refrain: A short
section of repeated
material which occurs at the end of each
stanza.
Regal: Another type of
organ. Named so due to regal pipes creating their sound. Regal
pipes do not have resonators. The regal is small, somewhat portable and was used
between the 15th and the 18th centuries.
Relative major and minor scales:
Major and
minor
scales
which have the same key signature.
Renaissance:
"Rebirth." The era from the mid-15th century to the end of the 16th
century. The music was characterized by the use of freer
forms, and a
progression from modes toward
major and
minor
scales, and
harmony.
Repeat: The repetition of a
section or a
composition as indicated by particular signs.
The most common of which is a pair of lines, one thick and the other thin, with
two, or sometime four dots. The dots are placed to the left of the thinner line
if an 'end repeat' or to the right of the thinner line if a 'begin repeat'.
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We've had a question about Repeats from Pat in the USA that falls
beyond the scope of this dictionary, if anyone can give an answer
I'd be happy to pass it on.
| In the piece of
music in question: |
|
. |
| Intro with a
repeat sign.
Section 1:
with 1st and 2nd endings.
Section 2 with 1st
and 2nd endings.
DC and
Fine
Sign.
DS sign as the next 3rd
section begins also
with 1st and 2nd endings. We also had another 4th
section with only one
ending and a
DS Sign to return to the
DS which was at the end of the
Fine and the beginning of the third
section. |
|
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| Pat's questions are
in reference to the
DC
section.. |
|
. |
When we reached
the
DC we returned to the intro.
Should we repeat the intro as we did the first time?
Do we also take all endings?
First and second on the
DC?
Or do we take 2nd endings only on the
DC? |
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Requiem: A version
of the Mass performed to
commemorate the dead. The
sections are:
introit,
Kyrie, Gradual and Tract,
Sequence (Dies
Irae),
Offertory,
Sanctus, and
Agnus
Dei.
Resolution: The
changing of a dissonant
pitch, usually by stepwise or
chromatic
motion, so that it becomes consonant
with the
chord
being sounded.
Resonance: Reinforcement and
intensification of sound by vibrations.
Rest: A symbol used to denote silence.
Rhapsody: A free style instrumental piece
characterized by dramatic changes in mood.
Rhythm: The term
which denotes the organization of sound in time; the temporal quality of sound.
Riff: A type of
ostinato or short
musical idea of two to four bars
which is repeated throughout a
composition. It is often heard in
Jazz or
pop music.
Rinforzando:
(Ita) A reinforced
accent.
Risoluto: (Ita) Resolute.
Ritardando,
rit: (Ita) Gradually slower. Synonymous with rallentando.
Ritenuto: (Ita) Immediate reduction in
tempo.
Ritmico: (Ita)
Rhythmically.
Roll: On
percussion instruments, a
sticking technique consisting of a rapid succession of
notes.
Romantic Era: The
musical
period from roughly 1827-1900, characterized by freer
forms, larger,
more elaborate works, and an increased attention to emotional
themes within the
music.
Root: the most
fundamental
note of a
chord, often the
bass
note, which
usually contains the other members of the
chord in its
overtones.
The note upon which a
triad or
chord
is built.
Root position: The
arrangement of a
chord in which the
root
is in the lowest voice.
Round: Like the canon, a song in which
two or more parts having the same melody, starting at
different points. The parts may be repeated as desired.
Rubato: (Ita) The term used to denote
flexibility of tempo to assist in achieving expressiveness.
Rudiments: On
drums, the basic sticking
patterns.
Ruhig: Quiet.
Run: A rapid
scale passage.
Rustico: (Ita) Pastoral,
rustic, rural.
|
Please
send me any additional words together with the
definition.
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